Fundamentals of. Rufenacht, with contributions?om: Robert P. Be-rger, CDT Robert L. L e, DDS: MS: Robert L. DMD, Giano Ricci, MD, DDS. MScD, Harold M. Qintessence Publishing Co, Inc, Chicago, IL, 1990: ISBN 0-86715230-3. (373 pages, over 680 illustratiow; pmce $120). Letter to the Editor. Bob/Animal Revolt features. ElEmEnts of thE smilE. An introduction to the issue. Ziv Simon, DMD, MSc. CrEating thE. CliniCally BasEd diagnostiC Wax-uP for oPtimal EsthEtiCs: thE diagnostiC moCk-uP. An organized and systematic approach is required to evaluate, diagnose and resolve esthetic problems predictably. It is of prime importance that the final result is not dependent only on the looks alone. Our ultimate goal as clinicians is to achieve pleasing composition in the smile by creating an arrangement of various esthetic elements. This article reviews the various principles that govern the art of smile designing. The literature search was done using PubMed search and Medline. ![]() This article will provide a basic knowledge to the reader to bring out a functional stable smile. INTRODUCTION Smile, a person’s ability to express a range of emotions with the structure and movement of the teeth and lips, can often determine how well a person can function in society. Of course, the importance given to a beautiful smile is not new. The search for beauty can be traced to the earliest civilizations; both the Phoenicians (app 800 BC) and Etruscians (app 900 BC) carefully carved animal tusks to simulate the shape, form and hue of natural teeth. It was not until the 18th century that dentistry was recognized as a separate discipline and its various branches were established. Pierre Fauchard (1678–1761) of France, the leader of the movement, together with several colleagues modernized and promoted dentistry and also advocated esthetic practices.[] This article reviews the various principles that govern the art of smile designing. The literature search was done using pub med search and medline. GOALS OF SMILE DESIGNING The goal of an esthetic makeover is to develop a peaceful and stable masticatory system, where the teeth, tissues, muscles, skeletal structures and joints all function in harmony (Peter Dawson). It is very important that when planning treatment for esthetics cases, smile design cannot be isolated from a comprehensive approach to patient care. Achieving a successful, healthy and functional result requires an understanding of the interrelationship among all the supporting oral structures, including the muscles, bones, joints, gingival tissues and occlusion.[]. Facial composition Facial beauty is based on standard esthetic principles that involve proper alignment, symmetry and proportion of face. Analyzing, evaluating and treatment planning for facial esthetics often involve a multidisciplinary approach which could include orthodontics, orthognathic surgery, periodontal therapy, cosmetic dentistry and plastic surgery. Thus, esthetic approach to patient care produces the best dental and facial beauty.[] But in our clinical practice, unless and otherwise there is an obvious discrepancy in the face, we restrict our smile makeover to the dental composition only. There are two facial features which do play a major role in the smile design: •.
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